Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Technoference	Skala Penggunaan Media Sosial Pasif
Bidang	Psikologi Media Sosial	Psikologi Media Sosial
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2016	2018
Pengasas	Brandon T. McDaniel and Sarah M. Coyne	Jae-Won Hur (and related work by Verduyn, Valkenburg, and others)
Jenis	Self-report	Self-report
Sumber perintis	McDaniel, B. T., & Coyne, S. M. (2016). Technology interference in the context of romantic relationships. In R. E. Ackerman (Ed.), The psychology of social networking (Vol. 1, pp. 86–102). Nova Publishers.	Hur, J.-W. (2018). The impact of using social media on reducing social isolation. The Internet and Higher Education, 38, 21–28.
Alias	Technoference, Phone Interference	PSMUSES, Passive Use
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	The Technoference Scale measures the degree to which smartphone and technology use interferes with interpersonal relationships, particularly in romantic partnerships, families, and close relationships. Developed by McDaniel and Coyne in the mid-2010s, this construct captures a modern phenomenon where digital devices create physical or psychological distance during face-to-face interaction, reducing relationship quality and satisfaction.	The Passive Social Media Use Scale measures the extent to which individuals engage in passive consumption—scrolling, lurking, and observing others' content—versus active participation like posting, commenting, and messaging. Developed to distinguish between active (interactive) and passive (consumptive) social media behaviors, this scale recognizes that passive use patterns are associated with distinct psychological outcomes including reduced wellbeing and increased social comparison.