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| Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ)× | Skala Pengukuran Identiti Atlet (AIMS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Sukan | Psikologi Sukan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1985 | 1993 |
| Pengasas≠ | Albert Carron, W. Neil Widmeyer, Lawrence Brawley | Britton Brewer, Jean Van Raalte, Diane Linder |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report team/group cohesion questionnaire | Self-report athletic identity questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Carron, A. V., Widmeyer, W. N., & Brawley, L. R. (1985). The development of an instrument to assess cohesiveness in sport teams: The Group Environment Questionnaire. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7(3), 244–266. DOI ↗ | Brewer, B. W., Van Raalte, J. L., & Linder, D. E. (1993). Athletic identity: Hercules' muscles or Achilles' heel? International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(2), 237–254. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | GEQ, Team Cohesion, Group Cohesion | AIMS, Athletic Identity |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The GEQ is an 18-item instrument measuring team cohesion—the degree to which team members feel attracted to the group and perceive the group as unified around shared task and social goals. Developed by Carron, Widmeyer, and Brawley in 1985, the GEQ has become the gold standard for measuring cohesion in sport teams and is used to predict team performance, member satisfaction, and team retention. | The AIMS is a 10-item questionnaire assessing the degree to which being an athlete is central to an individual's self-concept and identity. Developed by Brewer, Van Raalte, and Linder in 1993, the AIMS has become the standard instrument for measuring athletic identity and is widely used to predict athlete coping responses to injury, career transitions, and retirement. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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