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| Inventori Keyakinan Sukan (SCI)× | Inventori Kebimbangan Keadaan Kompetitif-2 (CSAI-2)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Sukan | Psikologi Sukan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1986 | 1990 |
| Pengasas≠ | Robin Vealey | Rainer Martens, Robin Vealey, Damon Burton |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report sport-specific confidence trait questionnaire | Self-report state anxiety questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221–246. DOI ↗ | Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive Anxiety in Sport (pp. 193–218). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. link ↗ |
| Alias | SCI, Trait Sport Confidence | CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The SCI is a 13-item questionnaire measuring general, trait-level confidence in sport ability—the athlete's habitual belief in their capability to execute skills and perform well in their sport. Developed by Vealey in 1986, the SCI is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing athlete self-confidence and predicting competitive success and psychological wellbeing. | The CSAI-2 is a 27-item instrument measuring three dimensions of state anxiety in sport: cognitive anxiety (worry), somatic anxiety (physiological arousal), and self-confidence. Developed by Martens and colleagues in 1990, it has become the gold standard for assessing pre-competition psychological state and is widely used in sport psychology research, coaching, and athlete support. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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