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| Skala Kebimbangan Sukan (SAS)× | Inventori Keyakinan Sukan (SCI)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Sukan | Psikologi Sukan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1990 | 1986 |
| Pengasas≠ | Ronald Smith, Frank Smoll, Robert Schutz | Robin Vealey |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report sport-specific trait anxiety questionnaire | Self-report sport-specific confidence trait questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Schutz, R. W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2(4), 263–280. DOI ↗ | Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221–246. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | SAS, SAS-2, Sport-Specific Anxiety | SCI, Trait Sport Confidence |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The SAS is a 15–21 item questionnaire measuring trait (dispositional) sport-specific anxiety—the tendency to experience worry and physiological arousal in sport-competitive contexts. Developed by Smith, Smoll, and Schutz in 1990, the SAS is the primary instrument for assessing individual differences in sport anxiety proneness and for predicting anxiety management needs across diverse athletic populations. | The SCI is a 13-item questionnaire measuring general, trait-level confidence in sport ability—the athlete's habitual belief in their capability to execute skills and perform well in their sport. Developed by Vealey in 1986, the SCI is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing athlete self-confidence and predicting competitive success and psychological wellbeing. |
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