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| Reka Bentuk Solomon Empat Kumpulan× | Analisis Varians (ANOVA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen | Statistik Penyelidikan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1949 | 1925 |
| Pengasas≠ | Richard L. Solomon | Ronald A. Fisher |
| Jenis≠ | True experimental design | Method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150. DOI ↗ | Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Oliver and Boyd. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD | ANOVA, F-test |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy. | ANOVA is a parametric statistical method developed by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925 that tests whether means differ significantly across three or more independent groups. By partitioning total variance into between-group and within-group components, ANOVA determines whether observed differences are likely due to treatment effects or random variation, making it fundamental to comparative research across medicine, psychology, agriculture, and engineering. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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