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| SODA – Strategic Options Development and Analysis melalui Peta Kognitif× | Peta Kognitif Kabur (FCM)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Penstrukturan Masalah | Perkomputeran Lembut |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1988 | 1986 |
| Pengasas≠ | Colin Eden | Bart Kosko |
| Jenis≠ | Qualitative / participatory | Fuzzy causal/feedback network for scenario analysis |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Eden, C. (1988). Cognitive mapping. European Journal of Operational Research, 36(1), 1–13. DOI ↗ | Kosko, B. (1986). Fuzzy cognitive maps. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 24(1), 65–75. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | Cognitive Mapping, Strategic Options Development and Analysis, SODA Method, Bilişsel Haritalama | FCM, Kosko cognitive map, causal cognitive map, bulanık bilişsel haritalar |
| Berkaitan≠ | 3 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) is a facilitated, qualitative method for structuring complex organisational problems. Developed by Colin Eden in 1988, it uses cognitive maps — directed graphs of causal constructs — to capture and integrate the subjective views of multiple stakeholders. SODA is most valuable when decision makers face ill-defined, wicked problems where shared understanding must be built before any quantitative analysis can begin. | A fuzzy cognitive map, introduced by Bart Kosko in 1986, represents a system as a network of concepts connected by signed, weighted causal links, and simulates how the concepts influence one another over time. By combining the intuitive structure of a cognitive map with fuzzy weights and iterative activation, FCMs let experts encode causal knowledge and then run what-if scenarios — making them popular for policy analysis, strategic decision-making, and modelling complex socio-technical systems. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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