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| Skala Provisi Sosial (SPS)× | Soal Selidik Kualiti Persahabatan (FQQ)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Sosial | Psikologi Sosial |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1987 | 1993 |
| Pengasas≠ | Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell | Jeffrey Parker and Steven Asher (developmental version); expanded by Bukowski and others |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report social support assessment | Self-report friendship assessment |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Cutrona, C. E., & Russell, D. W. (1987). The provisions of social relationships and adaptation to stress. Advances in Personal Relationships, 1, 37-67. link ↗ | Parker, J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1993). Friendship and friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feelings of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 611-621. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | SPS, Cutrona & Russell Social Provisions Scale, SPS-10 | FQQ, Friendship Quality Index, Friendship Assessment Scale |
| Berkaitan≠ | 2 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Social Provisions Scale is a widely used multidimensional instrument for measuring the degree to which individuals perceive their social relationships as providing essential emotional and practical support. Developed by Carolyn Cutrona and Daniel Russell in 1987, the SPS operationalizes the theory that healthy social support requires six provisions: attachment (emotional closeness), social integration (sense of belonging), reassurance of worth (feeling valued), reliable alliance (practical assistance), guidance (advice and direction), and opportunity for nurturance (ability to care for others). The SPS is used extensively in health psychology, gerontology, and stress and coping research. | The Friendship Quality Questionnaire is a self-report instrument designed to assess the quality and characteristics of friendships in children, adolescents, and adults. Developed by Jeffrey Parker and Steven Asher in 1993 and expanded by Bukowski and colleagues, the FQQ measures dimensions of friendship quality including companionship (spending time together), conflict, help and guidance, intimate disclosure, closeness, loyalty, and conflict resolution. The FQQ is widely used in developmental psychology, peer relationship research, and clinical assessment of social functioning across the lifespan. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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