Bandingkan kaedah

	Taburan Asap	Keterukan Bakar (dNBR)	Indeks Kesejukan Cuaca Kebakaran
Bidang	Perhutanan	Perhutanan	Perhutanan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2000	2006	1987
Pengasas	Dave Peterson	Carl Key	Cornelius Van Wagner
Jenis	atmospheric modeling	remote sensing index	weather-based fire danger system
Sumber perintis	Larson, T., Gould, T., Simpson, C., & Liu, L. J. S. (2004). Source apportionment of indoor, outdoor, and personal PM2.5 in Seattle, Washington using positive matrix factorization. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 54(9), 1175–1187.	Key, C. H., & Benson, N. C. (2006). Landscape Assessment (LA): Sampling and Analysis Methods. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-164-CD, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station.	Van Wagner, C. E. (1987). Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Canadian Forestry Service Publication 1333.
Alias	air quality, smoke transport, visibility impacts	dNBR, Delta NBR, burn severity index	FWI, Canadian Fire Weather Index
Berkaitan	3	3	2
Ringkasan	Smoke dispersion modeling predicts how smoke from wildfires and prescribed burns travels and disperses through the atmosphere, affecting air quality and visibility. Models use fire characteristics (size, intensity, fuel type), atmospheric conditions (wind, stability, mixing height), and topography to forecast smoke plumes and estimate particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations downwind. Used for air quality forecasting, prescribed burn planning, and public health protection.	Burn severity is a quantitative measure of fire-induced changes in vegetation and soil, assessed using satellite-based spectral indices. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and its delta (dNBR) compare pre-fire and post-fire spectral reflectance in the near-infrared and shortwave-infrared bands to detect fire-caused vegetation damage and soil exposure. Developed by Key and Benson in 2006, dNBR has become the standard remote-sensing tool for rapid post-fire assessment and is used for emergency response, recovery planning, and ecological analysis.	The Fire Weather Index (FWI) System, developed by the Canadian Forest Service, is a comprehensive weather-based fire danger rating system consisting of six component indices and an overall Fire Weather Index. It uses daily weather observations (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and precipitation) to estimate fine-fuel moisture, fire behavior, and risk. The FWI System is used operationally across Canada, many U.S. states, and internationally for fire management decisions and fire danger forecasting.