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	Kebasaan Sangkur	Model Teras Tirus
Bidang	Kejuruteraan Perlombongan	Kejuruteraan Perlombongan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1950	1976
Pengasas	Pyrometallurgical Practice	Szekely, Evans, and Sohn
Jenis	Slag composition parameter for controlling roast/smelt conditions	Reaction kinetics model for solid-fluid reactions
Sumber perintis	Barnes, J. F., Edwards, C. C., & Sims, R. L. (2010). Copper smelting and refining: pyrometallurgical fundamentals. JOM, 52(12), 38-43.	Szekely, J., Evans, J. W., & Sohn, H. Y. (1976). Gas-solid reactions. Academic Press, New York.
Alias	Basicity Index, Slag Chemistry Parameter	Shrinking Unreacted Core Model, SCM, Leaching Kinetics Model
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Slag basicity is a measure of the composition of slag formed during smelting and roasting operations. It is typically expressed as the ratio of basic oxides (CaO, MgO) to acidic oxides (SiO2). Basicity controls slag fluidity, viscosity, and reactivity, directly affecting metal recovery, processing temperature, and product quality. It is a critical parameter in copper, nickel, and lead smelting.	The Shrinking Core Model, formalized by Szekely, Evans, and Sohn in 1976, describes the kinetics of chemical reactions between solid ore particles and surrounding fluids (leaching solutions, roasting gases). As the reaction proceeds from the particle surface inward, an unreacted core shrinks while products accumulate in a product layer. The model enables prediction of leaching times and optimization of hydrometallurgical processes.