Bandingkan kaedah

	Pensampelan Imbasan	Persampelan Haiwan Tumpuan	Polisomnografi
Bidang	Sains Veterinar	Sains Veterinar	Sains Veterinar
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1974	1974	1953
Pengasas	Jeanne Altmann	Jeanne Altmann	William Dement and Nathaniel Kleitman
Jenis	Group Behavioral Sampling	Behavioral Sampling Protocol	Multi-channel Recording and Analysis
Sumber perintis	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.	Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49(3-4), 227-267.	Rechtschaffen, A., & Kales, A. (1968). A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System for Sleep Stages in Human Subjects. National Institutes of Health Publication.
Alias	instantaneous sampling, scan observation, group sampling	FAS, focal sampling, behavior recording	PSG, sleep study, overnight monitoring
Berkaitan	3	3	3
Ringkasan	Scan Sampling (also called instantaneous sampling) is a behavioral observation method in which an observer records the state of all group members simultaneously at regular time intervals. Introduced alongside focal animal sampling by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, scan sampling is efficient for quantifying activity budgets and group-level behavioral patterns in multiple animals without the labor of focal observation.	Focal Animal Sampling (FAS) is a systematic observational method in which an observer focuses on one individual animal at a time, recording its behavior continuously or at regular intervals for a fixed period. Introduced by Jeanne Altmann in 1974, FAS provides detailed, quantitative ethograms of individual behavior, making it essential for studying animal behavioral ecology, welfare, and responses to environmental changes.	Polysomnography (PSG) is a comprehensive multi-channel physiological recording method that simultaneously records brain electrical activity, eye movements, muscle tone, respiratory effort, oxygen saturation, heart rate, and limb movements during sleep. First systematized by Rechtschaffen and Kales in 1968, polysomnography is the gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders, characterizing sleep architecture, and assessing the quality and organization of sleep in humans and increasingly in veterinary species.