Bandingkan kaedah

	Pemodelan Terrain Risiko	Analisis Jaringan Undang-Undang Kes (Network Analysis of Case Law)
Bidang	Forensik	Forensik
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2011	2011
Pengasas	Joel Caplan	James Fowler
Jenis	Geographic information systems and crime science method	Network science and legal informatics method
Sumber perintis	Caplan, J. M., Kennedy, L. W., & Miller, J. (2011). Risk terrain modeling: Brokering criminological theory and GIS methods for crime forecasting. Journal of Research and Practice in Criminal Justice, 17(1), 56-69.	Lupo, G., & Bailey, J. (2014). Artificial intelligence and legal practice. Academic Press.
Alias	environmental criminology, RTM analysis, crime risk mapping	citation network analysis, legal precedent mapping, case law graph analysis
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Risk Terrain Modeling (RTM) is a geospatial crime prediction method that identifies high-risk locations by analyzing environmental and geographic features that attract or facilitate crime. Developed by Joel Caplan, Lichen Kennedy, and James Miller in 2011, RTM bridges environmental criminology theory with geographic information systems (GIS) to create predictive risk maps. Unlike methods that predict offender location (e.g., geographic profiling), RTM predicts where crimes are likely to occur based on terrain characteristics, infrastructure, and social environmental factors.	Network analysis of case law applies graph-theoretic and network science methods to study the structure and dynamics of legal precedent systems. Developed systematically by James Fowler and colleagues in 2011, this method treats legal citations as directed edges in a network where nodes represent court decisions and edges represent precedent relationships. By analyzing the topology of these networks, researchers uncover patterns in how law evolves, which precedents are most influential, and how legal doctrine spreads across jurisdictions.