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| Penilaian Ujian Saringan Terlaras Risiko× | Kajian Kohort Laras Risiko× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Epidemiologi | Epidemiologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | Late 1990s–2000s (formal statistical framework ~1997–2009) | Mid–late 20th century (risk-adjusted cohort designs systematized by 1970s–1990s) |
| Pengasas≠ | Margaret Sullivan Pepe and colleagues (covariate-adjusted ROC methodology) | Evolution of cohort study methodology; risk adjustment formalized through work of Rothman, Greenland, and others in epidemiology, 20th century |
| Jenis≠ | Analytical study design | Observational epidemiological study design with statistical confounding control |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Pepe, M. S. (2003). The Statistical Evaluation of Medical Tests for Classification and Prediction. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0198565826 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| Alias | risk-stratified screening accuracy study, covariate-adjusted diagnostic accuracy evaluation, risk-adjusted screening performance assessment, RASTE | adjusted cohort study, covariate-adjusted cohort, risk-controlled prospective study, propensity-adjusted cohort |
| Berkaitan≠ | 6 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Risk-adjusted screening test evaluation assesses the sensitivity, specificity, and overall discriminatory accuracy of a screening test after accounting for patient-level risk factors (covariates) that independently influence test results or disease prevalence. By conditioning performance metrics on observed covariates — age, sex, comorbidities, or prior screening history — this approach yields accuracy estimates that are not confounded by differences in population risk profiles, enabling fair comparisons across subgroups or study settings. | A risk-adjusted cohort study is an observational epidemiological design in which a defined group of individuals is followed over time to compare outcomes between exposed and unexposed subgroups, with statistical methods applied to control for measured confounders. Adjustment strategies — including multivariable regression, propensity score matching, inverse probability weighting, or standardization — are used to reduce bias and produce effect estimates that more closely approximate what would be observed in a randomized trial. |
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