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| Kajian Kes Kawalan Bersarang Retrospektif× | Kajian Kes-Kawalan× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Epidemiologi | Epidemiologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1973 (formal description); widely adopted in epidemiology from 1980s onward | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| Pengasas≠ | Nested case-control formalized by Mantel (1973); retrospective application via historical cohort records | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| Jenis | Observational analytic study design | Observational analytic study design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Mantel, N. (1973). Synthetic retrospective studies and related topics. Biometrics, 29(3), 479–486. link ↗ | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| Alias | retrospective NCC, nested case-control within retrospective cohort, case-control nested in historical cohort, nested CCR | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A retrospective nested case-control study is an efficient observational design in which cases and matched controls are sampled from within an already-assembled retrospective cohort. Exposure data are retrieved from historical records only for selected participants, dramatically reducing data-collection costs while retaining most of the analytic power of the full cohort. It is widely used in pharmacoepidemiology, occupational health, and disease-registry research. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
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