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| Laporan Kes Retrospektif× | Kajian Kohort Retrospektif× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Epidemiologi | Epidemiologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 19th century (formalized ~2013 with CARE guidelines) | Mid-20th century (widely formalized 1950s–1970s) |
| Pengasas≠ | Case reporting tradition in medicine (formalized by CARE guidelines, Riley et al., 2013) | Systematic use attributed to early 20th-century occupational epidemiology; formalized in modern epidemiological theory by Brian MacMahon and others |
| Jenis≠ | Observational descriptive study | Observational analytic study |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Gagnier, J. J., Kienle, G., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Sox, H., & Riley, D. (2013). The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. Journal of Medical Case Reports, 7(1), 223. DOI ↗ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| Alias | retrospective case study, post-hoc case report, retrospective clinical case, case report | historical cohort study, non-concurrent cohort study, retrospective follow-up study, historical prospective study |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A retrospective case report is a detailed, structured narrative of a single patient's clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and outcome, assembled from existing medical records after the clinical events have occurred. It is the most granular and accessible observational design in clinical medicine, serving primarily to document rare presentations, unexpected outcomes, novel treatments, or unusual drug reactions that would not otherwise enter the published literature. | A retrospective cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point and reconstructs their exposure history and subsequent outcomes entirely from pre-existing records. Because the data have already been collected before the study begins, the design is far faster and cheaper than a prospective cohort; however, the researcher must work with whatever information was recorded at the time rather than collecting purpose-built measurements. |
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