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| Sistem Q× | Optimisasi Susun Atur Stope× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kejuruteraan Perlombongan | Kejuruteraan Perlombongan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1974 | 1960 |
| Pengasas≠ | Nick Barton (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute) | Mining Engineering Practice |
| Jenis≠ | Empirical index for tunnel support and stability prediction | Optimization framework for underground mine excavation design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Barton, N., Lien, R., & Lunde, J. (1974). Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mechanics, 6(4), 189-236. DOI ↗ | Brady, B. H. G., & Brown, E. T. (2004). Rock mechanics for underground mining. Springer Science+Business Media. link ↗ |
| Alias | Q Index, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Classification, Barton System | Stope Design, Underground Mine Layout, Panel Design |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Q-System (NGI Index), introduced by Nick Barton and colleagues at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute in 1974, is an alternative rock mass classification to RMR. It combines six parameters into a dimensionless index Q ranging from 0.001 to 1000, where higher Q values indicate better rock quality. The Q-System is particularly valued for tunnel and underground excavation design due to its explicit consideration of joint roughness and groundwater effects. | Stope layout optimization is the process of designing the size, shape, and spatial arrangement of underground mine excavations (stopes) to maximize ore recovery while maintaining safety and economic viability. It balances the desire for large extraction volumes against rock mechanics constraints and support costs. The layout determines mining productivity, capital investment in support systems, and long-term mine life. |
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