Bandingkan kaedah

	Soal Selidik Ingatan Prospektif dan Retrospektif	Pemeriksaan Status Mental Mini (MMSE)
Bidang	Neuropsikologi	Neuropsikologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2003	1975
Pengasas	John Crawford	Marshall Folstein
Jenis	Self-report questionnaire of prospective and retrospective memory complaints	Clinician-administered cognitive screening instrument
Sumber perintis	Crawford, J. R., Smith, G., Maylor, E. A., Della Sala, S., & Logie, R. H. (2003). The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Memory, 11(3), 261-275.	Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975). Mini-mental state: A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12(3), 189-198.
Alias	PRMQ, Prospective Retrospective Memory Questionnaire	MMSE, Folstein MMSE
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) is a 16-item self-report instrument designed to measure subjective memory complaints across two distinct memory domains: prospective memory (remembering to do things in the future) and retrospective memory (remembering past events and information). Developed by Crawford and colleagues at the University of Edinburgh in 2003, the PRMQ provides a brief, validated tool for assessing everyday memory lapses and their impact on functional well-being in both clinical and non-clinical populations.	The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a brief, 30-point screening instrument developed by Folstein, Folstein, and McHugh in 1975 to assess cognitive function in clinical settings. It is designed to detect cognitive impairment and monitor cognitive decline over time, particularly in older adults and patients with suspected dementia. The MMSE remains one of the most widely used cognitive screening tools in primary care, neurology, and geriatric medicine worldwide.