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| Kajian Kes-Kawalan Bersarang Prospektif× | Kajian Kes-Kawalan× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Epidemiologi | Epidemiologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1977 | 1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s |
| Pengasas≠ | D.C. Thomas (formal description); building on Mantel (1973) and Liddell, McDonald & Thomas (1977) | Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s |
| Jenis≠ | Observational analytic design | Observational analytic study design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Thomas, D.C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. By F.D.K. Liddell, J.C. McDonald, and D.C. Thomas. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469-491. link ↗ | Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860 |
| Alias | prospective NCC, nested case-control within prospective cohort, prospective case-control within cohort, incident NCC | case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A prospective nested case-control study enrolls a cohort before disease onset, follows participants forward in time, and then — once cases develop — samples matched controls from those still at risk at the time each case occurs. By embedding the case-control comparison inside a prospective cohort, the design combines the causal clarity of longitudinal follow-up with the cost efficiency of analysing only a fraction of the cohort's stored specimens or records. | A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses. |
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