Bandingkan kaedah

	Kajian Ketepatan Diagnostik Prospektif	Penilaian Ujian Saringan
Bidang	Epidemiologi	Epidemiologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	Formalized 2000s; practice dates to mid-20th century	1968 (Wilson-Jungner principles); statistical framework developed 1970s–2000s
Pengasas	Established through STARD initiative (Bossuyt, Reitsma et al., 2000s)	Wilson & Jungner (WHO criteria, 1968); foundational work by Pepe, Altman, and others in statistical test evaluation
Jenis	Observational / evaluative study design	Observational diagnostic / epidemiological evaluation design
Sumber perintis	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Wilson, J. M. G., & Jungner, G. (1968). Principles and Practice of Screening for Disease. World Health Organization. Public Health Papers No. 34.
Alias	prospective DTA study, prospective test accuracy study, forward-looking diagnostic study, prospective index test evaluation	screening study, screening performance evaluation, screening accuracy assessment, STE
Berkaitan	6	6
Ringkasan	A prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolls participants before any test results are known and follows them forward in time to evaluate how well an index test (the test under evaluation) distinguishes individuals with and without a target condition, using a reference standard applied independently. Key accuracy metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the ROC curve. The prospective design reduces many biases inherent in retrospective test evaluations.	Screening test evaluation is a systematic epidemiological approach for assessing whether a test or program can accurately and cost-effectively identify individuals with a condition before symptoms appear. It quantifies diagnostic performance metrics — sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and the ROC curve — and evaluates whether a screening program meets established public health criteria for adoption and harm-benefit balance.