Bandingkan kaedah

	Penilaian Proprioception	Ujian Otot Manual
Bidang	Fisioterapi	Fisioterapi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1900s	1940s
Pengasas	Neurological assessment tradition	Lucille Daniels and Catharine Worthingham
Jenis	Clinical examination technique	Clinical examination technique
Sumber perintis	Sherrington, C. S. (1906). The integrative action of the nervous system. Yale University Press.	Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: Testing and function with posture and pain (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Alias	kinesthetic assessment, joint position sense testing	MMT, Muscle strength assessment
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Proprioceptive assessment is a bedside neurological examination evaluating the sense of joint position and movement, mediated by mechanoreceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints. Clinical testing of proprioception is essential for comprehensive neurological evaluation in conditions affecting sensory function, coordination, and balance, helping clinicians identify dorsal column disease, peripheral neuropathy, or cerebellar dysfunction.	Manual muscle testing (MMT) is a clinical examination technique that quantifies muscle strength by applying manual resistance to isometric contractions and grading the result on a standardized scale (typically 0-5). Developed by Daniels and Worthingham in the 1940s, MMT remains the primary bedside method for assessing muscle weakness in neuromuscular and neurological disorders, establishing rehabilitation baselines, and monitoring treatment effectiveness.