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| Profil Keadaan Mood (POMS)× | Soal Selidik Ketabahan Mental (MTQ48)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Sukan | Psikologi Sukan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1971 | 2002 |
| Pengasas≠ | Douglas McNair, Maurice Lorr, Lorne Droppleman | Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report mood adjectives questionnaire | Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | McNair, D. M., Lorr, M., & Droppleman, L. F. (1971). Profile of Mood States. Educational and Industrial Testing Service (EDITS). link ↗ | Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | POMS, POMS-2 | MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The POMS is a 65-item self-report questionnaire that measures six dimensions of mood: Tension, Depression, Anger, Vigor, Fatigue, and Confusion. Developed by McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman in 1971, it has become a cornerstone instrument in sport psychology for monitoring athlete psychological state before competition, during training, and in response to interventions. | The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience. |
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