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	Preliminary Hazard Analysis	Analisis Mod Kegagalan dan Kesannya
Bidang	Disaster Studies	Pembuatan Keputusan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Tahun asal	2008	1995
Pengasas	Military system-safety practice (MIL-STD-882); codified in CCPS guidelines	Stamatis, D. H.
Jenis	Early-stage qualitative hazard identification and ranking	Risk priority via product of O·S·D ratings
Sumber perintis	Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS). (2008). Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures (3rd ed.). Wiley-AIChE, Hoboken, NJ. ISBN: 9780471978152	Stamatis, D. H. (1995). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution. ASQ Quality Press ISBN: 978-0-87389-300-8
Alias	PHA, Preliminary Hazard List Analysis, Early Hazard Analysis, Conceptual Hazard Analysis	—
Berkaitan	3	8
Ringkasan	Preliminary hazard analysis, or PHA, is an early-stage, qualitative technique for identifying the hazards inherent in a system before its design is detailed enough for more rigorous methods, and for ranking those hazards so that the riskiest receive attention first. Conducted in the concept or preliminary design phase, it works from the system's energy sources, hazardous materials, intended functions and operating environment to compile a hazard list, postulate how each hazard could lead to harm, and assign each a risk level from severity and likelihood ratings. The CCPS Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures present it as a foundational hazard-evaluation method, and ISO/IEC 31010 includes it among standard risk-assessment techniques. Because it is applied when changing the design is still cheap, the PHA's chief value is steering early design decisions and identifying which hazards warrant deeper study by methods such as HAZOP, FMEA or quantitative risk assessment.	FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Stamatis, D. H. in 1995. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.