Bandingkan kaedah

	Reka Bentuk Pragmatik Solomon Empat Kumpulan	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen Kumpulan Kawalan
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1949 (Solomon design); pragmatic variant in applied use from 1990s onward	1935 (Fisher); 1963 (Campbell & Stanley codification)
Pengasas	Solomon four-group design: Richard L. Solomon (1949); pragmatic orientation formalized by Schwartz & Lellouch (1967) and Thorpe et al. (2009)	Ronald A. Fisher; systematised by Donald T. Campbell & Julian C. Stanley
Jenis	Experimental design (pragmatic variant)	Experimental research design
Sumber perintis	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
Alias	pragmatic S4GD, real-world Solomon four-group design, pragmatic pretest-control design, pragmatic Solomon design	controlled experiment, true experimental design, randomized controlled design, treatment-control design
Berkaitan	5	4
Ringkasan	The Pragmatic Solomon Four-Group Design combines the pretest-sensitization control logic of the classic Solomon (1949) four-group structure with the broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and real-world conditions characteristic of pragmatic trials. Four groups are formed: two receive the intervention (one pretested, one not) and two serve as controls (one pretested, one not), allowing simultaneous estimation of treatment effects and pretest sensitization effects under ecologically valid settings.	Control group experimental design is a fundamental experimental structure in which participants are assigned to at least two groups — a treatment group that receives the intervention and a control group that does not — so that the effect of the intervention can be isolated by comparing outcomes across groups. Randomisation of assignment strengthens causal inference by balancing known and unknown confounders.