Bandingkan kaedah

	Reka Bentuk Kaedah Campuran Pragmatik	Reka Bentuk Kaedah Campuran Transformatif
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan	Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	Early 2000s (formalised); pragmatism as philosophy late 19th–early 20th century	2003–2009
Pengasas	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (formalised); philosophical grounding in William James, John Dewey, Richard Rorty	Donna M. Mertens; John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
Jenis	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
Sumber perintis	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379
Alias	pragmatic MMR, pragmatism-guided mixed methods, pragmatic inquiry design, practical mixed methods	transformative design, advocacy mixed methods, emancipatory mixed methods, social-justice mixed methods
Berkaitan	6	6
Ringkasan	Pragmatic mixed methods design is a research approach that selects and combines quantitative and qualitative methods based on what best answers the research question, rather than adhering to a single philosophical paradigm. Rooted in the philosophical tradition of pragmatism — associated with William James, John Dewey, and later Richard Rorty — it treats methodological fit and practical utility as the primary criteria for design decisions. The approach is endorsed by leading mixed methods scholars including Creswell and Plano Clark as the most common philosophical worldview underpinning mixed methods work.	Transformative mixed methods design embeds a social-justice or advocacy theoretical framework — such as feminism, critical race theory, disability studies, or indigenous worldviews — as the overarching lens that guides every decision about data collection, integration, and use. Both quantitative and qualitative strands serve the goal of advancing equity, challenging power structures, and producing actionable knowledge for marginalized communities.