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| Eksperimen Makmal Pragmatik× | Ujian Terkawal Rawak (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen |
| Keluarga≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1967 (foundational distinction); 2009 (PRECIS operationalization) | 1948 |
| Pengasas≠ | Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic–explanatory distinction); extended by PRECIS framework developers | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| Jenis≠ | Experimental design philosophy and study type | Interventional comparative study |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648. DOI ↗ | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | pragmatic experiment, applied laboratory trial, practice-oriented lab experiment, pragmatic controlled experiment | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| Berkaitan≠ | 3 | 7 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A pragmatic laboratory experiment is a controlled study conducted in a laboratory setting that prioritises external validity and real-world applicability over the stringent internal controls characteristic of purely explanatory experiments. Drawing on the pragmatic–explanatory continuum formalised by Schwartz and Lellouch (1967) and later operationalised in the PRECIS framework, it asks whether an intervention works under conditions that approximate actual practice rather than ideal circumstances, making findings directly actionable for decision-makers and practitioners. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
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