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| Reka Bentuk Eksperimen Kumpulan Kawalan Pragmatik× | Ujian Terkawal Rawak Pragmatik× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1967 (seminal distinction); 2009 (PRECIS operationalization) | 1967 |
| Pengasas≠ | Schwartz & Lellouch (pragmatic vs explanatory distinction); extended by PRECIS framework (Thorpe et al.) | Daniel Schwartz and Joseph Lellouch |
| Jenis≠ | Experimental design (pragmatic variant) | Experimental design — pragmatic trial |
| Sumber perintis | Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648. DOI ↗ | Schwartz, D., & Lellouch, J. (1967). Explanatory and pragmatic attitudes in therapeutical trials. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 20(8), 637–648. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | pragmatic controlled trial, effectiveness trial with control group, real-world control group design, pragmatic comparative design | pRCT, pragmatic trial, practical clinical trial, real-world RCT |
| Berkaitan≠ | 6 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A pragmatic control group experimental design tests whether an intervention works under routine, real-world conditions by comparing it against a control condition — typically usual care or an active comparator — rather than a tightly controlled placebo. It prioritises external validity and applicability over the internal purity of an explanatory efficacy trial, asking whether an intervention makes a meaningful difference to people as they are actually treated in practice. | A pragmatic randomized controlled trial (pRCT) tests whether an intervention works under ordinary, real-world conditions — broad eligibility, flexible delivery, and routine care settings. Participants are still randomly assigned to treatment or control, preserving causal inference, but the study is designed to reflect the diversity and variability of actual practice rather than the ideal conditions of an explanatory trial. The defining framework is the PRECIS-2 tool, which maps any RCT along nine pragmatic-to-explanatory dimensions. |
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