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	Reka Bentuk ABAB Pragmatik	Reka Bentuk Pelbaga Asas
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1968 (classic ABAB); pragmatic adaptations formalised 1990s–2000s	1968
Pengasas	Adapted from Baer, Wolf & Risley (1968); pragmatic variant developed in applied behavior analysis and clinical psychology literature	Donald M. Baer, Montrose M. Wolf, Todd R. Risley
Jenis	Single-case experimental design	Single-subject experimental design
Sumber perintis	Kazdin, A. E. (2011). Single-Case Research Designs: Methods for Clinical and Applied Settings (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195341881	Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968). Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1(1), 91–97.
Alias	pragmatic reversal design, pragmatic withdrawal design, applied ABAB design, pragmatic single-case reversal	MBD, multiple-baseline single-case design, staggered baseline design, multiple-probe design
Berkaitan	2	4
Ringkasan	The pragmatic ABAB design is a single-case experimental design that adapts the classic reversal (ABAB) logic to real-world clinical and applied constraints. It alternates between a baseline phase (A) and an intervention phase (B) twice, demonstrating experimental control through repeated phase changes while allowing flexibility — such as abbreviated withdrawals or partial reversals — when full withdrawal of treatment is ethically or practically impossible.	The multiple baseline design is a single-subject experimental design that demonstrates functional control by introducing an intervention at staggered time points across two or more baselines — typically across different behaviors, individuals, or settings. Because no withdrawal of treatment is required, it is especially suitable when the target behavior is irreversible or when removing an effective intervention would be unethical.