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| Pembangunan Skala Politomous× | Teori Gerak Balas Item (IRT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikometrik | Psikometrik |
| Keluarga | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1969–1982 | 1952–1968 |
| Pengasas≠ | Samejima, F.; Masters, G. N. (independently) | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) |
| Jenis≠ | Psychometric scale construction | Probabilistic measurement model |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191 | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ |
| Alias | polytomous item development, ordered-category scale construction, rating scale development, multi-category item development | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory |
| Berkaitan≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Polytomous scale development is the systematic construction and validation of measurement instruments whose items have three or more ordered response categories — such as Likert-type, rating, or partial-credit items. It applies polytomous item response theory models or ordinal factor analysis methods to evaluate item quality, estimate latent trait levels, and build a psychometrically sound scale. | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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