Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Penyertaan Politik	Skala Kepercayaan Politik
Bidang	Psikologi Politik	Psikologi Politik
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1995	1974
Pengasas	Sidney Verba, Kay Lehman Schlozman, Henry Brady	Arthur H. Miller
Jenis	Self-report	Self-report
Sumber perintis	Verba, S., Schlozman, K. L., & Brady, H. E. (1995). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.	Miller, A. H. (1974). Political issues and trust in government: 1964-1970. American Political Science Review, 68(3), 951-972.
Alias	PPCS, Civic Participation Measure, Political Activity Scale	PTS, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Trust Module
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	The Political Participation Scale measures engagement in civic and political activities, encompassing voting, campaign involvement, contacting officials, organizational membership, community volunteering, and protest activity. Developed by Verba, Schlozman, and Brady (1995), the measure captures both conventional participation (voting, contacting representatives) and unconventional participation (protest, civil disobedience). It addresses fundamental questions in political science: Why do some citizens engage while others withdraw? How do structural resources (time, money, education) and psychological factors (efficacy, interest) drive participation?	The Political Trust Scale measures citizen confidence in government institutions, elected officials, and the political system's responsiveness and fairness. Pioneered by Miller (1974) and operationalized across comparative electoral studies (CSES Module 5), the scale captures both diffuse trust (in the political system generally) and specific trust (in particular institutions such as parliament or the executive). It is central to understanding democratic legitimacy, political engagement, and support for democratic institutions.