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| Indeks Kualiti Tidur Pittsburgh× | Skala Keresahan Epworth× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Perkhidmatan Kesihatan | Perkhidmatan Kesihatan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1989 | 1991 |
| Pengasas≠ | David J. Buysse and Charles F. Reynolds | Murray W. Johns |
| Jenis≠ | Multidimensional sleep quality assessment | Eight-item subjective sleepiness rating |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research, 28(2), 193-213. DOI ↗ | Johns, M. W. (1991). A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Sleep, 14(6), 540-545. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | PSQI, Pittsburgh Index | ESS, Epworth Scale |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a comprehensive self-report questionnaire developed by Buysse and colleagues in 1989 to assess sleep quality and sleep disturbances. The PSQI comprises 19 items aggregated into seven components that evaluate sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, and use of sleep medications. It is one of the most widely used instruments for both clinical sleep assessment and sleep research. | The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) is a brief, validated self-report instrument developed by Johns in 1991 to quantify the level of daytime somnolence or excessive daytime sleepiness. The ESS comprises eight items asking patients to rate the likelihood of dozing off in various everyday situations. It is the most commonly used standardized measure of daytime sleepiness in clinical practice and research. |
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