Bandingkan kaedah

	Fotopletismografi	Pengesanan QRS Pan-Tompkins	Model Windkessel
Bidang	Biomekanik	Biomekanik	Biomekanik
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1937	1985	1969
Pengasas	Hertzman	Jiapu Pan	Nikolaos Westerhof
Jenis	Optical signal acquisition and analysis pipeline	Digital signal processing pipeline	Physiological lumped-parameter modeling
Sumber perintis	Allen, J. (2007). Photoplethysmography and its application in clinical physiology. Physiology & Behavior, 107(4), 540-548.	Pan, J., & Tompkins, W. J. (1985). A real-time QRS detection algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-32(3), 230-236.	Westerhof, N., Bosman, F., De Vries, N. C., & Noordergraaf, A. (1969). Analog studies of the human systemic arterial tree. Journal of Biomechanics, 2(2), 121-143.
Alias	PPG, Pulse oximetry, Reflectance photometry	QRS detection, R-peak detection, Heartbeat detection	Elastic chamber model, Arterial compliance model, Lumped parameter model
Berkaitan	3	3	3
Ringkasan	Photoplethysmography (PPG) measures blood volume changes in tissue using light absorption, providing a non-invasive optical window into cardiovascular dynamics. Originally developed by Hertzman in 1937, PPG is now ubiquitous in pulse oximetry, smartwatches, and research applications for monitoring heart rate, blood oxygenation, and vascular function.	The Pan-Tompkins algorithm is a real-time QRS detection method for electrocardiograms (ECGs) that identifies the R-peaks (ventricular depolarization) and QRS complexes from continuous cardiac waveforms. Published by Jiapu Pan and Willis Tompkins in 1985, it remains a standard reference for ECG processing and is widely implemented in clinical monitoring systems.	The Windkessel model is a lumped-parameter representation of the arterial system that captures the pulsatile dynamics of blood flow and pressure using simple mechanical analogs (resistors and capacitors). Named after the German word for air chamber, it was formalized by Westerhof and colleagues in the late 1960s and remains fundamental to understanding arterial hemodynamics and blood pressure regulation.