Bandingkan kaedah

	Ujian Klinikal Fasa III	Kajian Kohort
Bidang	Epidemiologi	Epidemiologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1962 (Kefauver-Harris Amendment formalised phased drug development)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
Pengasas	FDA regulatory framework / ICH guidelines	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
Jenis	Confirmatory randomised controlled trial	Observational longitudinal study design
Sumber perintis	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
Alias	Phase 3 trial, confirmatory trial, pivotal trial, Phase III RCT	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
Berkaitan	6	6
Ringkasan	A Phase III clinical trial is a large-scale, confirmatory randomised controlled trial designed to establish the efficacy and safety of an intervention in the target patient population before regulatory submission. It builds on the signal identified in Phase II, tests the intervention at its proposed dose under controlled conditions, and provides the primary evidence base for marketing authorisation or guideline adoption.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.