Bandingkan kaedah

	Metodologi Pelbagai Fasa Partisipatif	Kajian Tindakan Partisipatif (PAR)
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan	Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2000s–2010s	1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s
Pengasas	Synthesised from Creswell & Plano Clark (multiphase design) and Mertens / Israel et al. (participatory principles)	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte
Jenis	Mixed methods research design	Qualitative research method
Sumber perintis	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer.
Alias	PMMM, participatory multiphase design, community-engaged multiphase mixed methods, participatory multistand mixed methods	PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry
Berkaitan	1	6
Ringkasan	Participatory multiphase mixed methods is a research design that integrates participatory action research principles into a multiphase mixed methods framework. Community members or stakeholders are active co-investigators across multiple sequential or concurrent phases, each combining quantitative and qualitative strands, so that findings from earlier phases directly shape the design of later ones. The result is a longitudinal, iterative programme of inquiry aligned with social justice and practical impact goals.	Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow.