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| Model Ralat Spatial Panel× | Model Lag Angkasa (SAR / Spatial Autoregressive)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Analisis Reruang | Analisis Reruang |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1988 / 2003 | 1988 |
| Pengasas≠ | Anselin (1988); extended to panels by Elhorst (2003, 2014) | Anselin (textbook formalisation); LeSage & Pace |
| Jenis≠ | Spatial econometric panel model | Spatial autoregressive regression |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Elhorst, J. P. (2014). Spatial Econometrics: From Cross-Sectional Data to Spatial Panels. Springer. ISBN: 978-3642403408 | Anselin, L. (1988). Spatial Econometrics: Methods and Models. Kluwer Academic. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | panel SEM, spatial error panel model, panel spatial autocorrelation error model, SEM panel | SAR model, spatial autoregressive model, spatial lag, Uzamsal Gecikme Modeli (SAR / Spatial Lag) |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Panel Spatial Error Model (panel SEM) extends the classical spatial error model to panel data, allowing spatial dependence to enter through the error term across cross-sectional units over multiple time periods. It accounts for spatially correlated omitted variables without imposing a substantive spatial spillover in the outcome itself. | The Spatial Lag Model is an autoregressive regression that assumes spatial dependence in the dependent variable itself: the outcome values of neighbouring units enter the model as an explanatory term (ρWy). It was formalised in Anselin's Spatial Econometrics (1988) and developed further by LeSage and Pace (2009), and it decomposes spillover effects into direct, indirect, and total impacts. |
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