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| Penyelidikan Keratan Rentas Berasaskan Panel× | Kajian Kohort× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan | Epidemiologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1940s–1960s (formalized in social survey methodology) | Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s) |
| Pengasas≠ | Panel survey methodology developed from large-scale government and social survey programs (e.g., University of Michigan Survey Research Center, 1940s–1950s) | Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854) |
| Jenis≠ | Quantitative observational design | Observational longitudinal study design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Kasprzyk, D., Duncan, G., Kalton, G., & Singh, M. P. (Eds.). (1989). Panel Surveys. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0471622635 | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 |
| Alias | panel cross-sectional survey, rotating panel cross-section, repeated cross-section panel, cross-sectional panel design | longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study |
| Berkaitan≠ | 3 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Panel-based cross-sectional research draws repeated cross-sectional measurements from a pre-recruited standing panel rather than sampling fresh respondents each time. This hybrid design preserves the snapshot character of classic cross-sectional surveys while gaining speed, cost efficiency, and comparability across waves. It is widely used in social, health, and market research whenever population-level estimates are needed quickly and repeatedly without full longitudinal tracking of the same individuals. | A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome. |
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