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| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS)× | Skala Kemurungan Kebimbangan Stres-21 (DASS-21)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinikal | Psikologi Klinikal |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1988 | 1995 |
| Pengasas≠ | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond |
| Jenis≠ | Mood and affect self-assessment | Three-dimensional mental health screening |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | PANAS, PANAS-X | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. |
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