Bandingkan kaedah

	Penilaian Kualiti Hidup Sembelit oleh Pesakit	Skala Kualiti Hidup Berkaitan Kesihatan GERD
Bidang	Gastroenterologi	Gastroenterologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2005	1996
Pengasas	Marquis, P., De La Loge, C., Dubois, D., et al.	Velanovich, V., Zhang, Y., Hollis, J. B., et al.
Jenis	Self-report	Self-report
Sumber perintis	Marquis, P., De La Loge, C., Dubois, D., McDermott, A., & Chassany, O. (2005). Development and validation of the Patient Assessment of Constipation-Quality of Life questionnaire. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 40(5), 540–551.	Velanovich, V., Zhang, Y., Hollis, J. B., Feldman, M. I., Sampliner, R., Guan, W., & Escamilla, C. (1996). Presenting symptoms and outcome measures in reflux esophagitis. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 41(10), 1865–1873.
Alias	PAC-QoL, PAC-Q	GERD-HRQL, GERD-HRQoL
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	The Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QoL) is a validated, patient-reported outcome measure designed to assess the impact of functional constipation on physical, psychological, and social well-being. Developed by Marquis and colleagues in 2005, the PAC-QoL comprises 28 items organized into four domains: Physical Discomfort, Psychosocial Discomfort, Worries and Concerns, and Satisfaction. The PAC-QoL is responsive to treatment and widely used in constipation clinical trials and practice.	The GERD Health-Related Quality of Life Scale (GERD-HRQL) is a concise, validated patient-reported outcome measure for assessing the symptomatic and functional impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Developed by Velanovich and colleagues in 1996, the 9-item GERD-HRQL measures heartburn frequency and severity, regurgitation, and impact on sleep and medication use. The scale is highly responsive to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and is widely used in GERD trials and clinical practice.