Bandingkan kaedah

	Sefalometri Ortodontik	Analisis Sendi Temporomandibular
Bidang	Pergigian	Pergigian
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1931	1934 (Costen syndrome); 1960s+ (modern understanding)
Pengasas	Benjamin Broadbent	Multiple innovators (Costen, Laskin, Okeson, et al.)
Jenis	Imaging and measurement technique	Clinical and imaging assessment
Sumber perintis	Broadbent, B. H. (1931). A new x-ray technique and its application to orthodontia. Angle Orthodontist, 1(2), 45-66.	Okeson, J. P. (2020). Management of temporomandibular disorders and occlusion (8th ed.). Elsevier.
Alias	cephalometric analysis, cephalometric radiography, cephalogram	TMJ examination, TMD assessment, jaw joint evaluation
Berkaitan	4	3
Ringkasan	Orthodontic cephalometry is a standardized radiographic technique that produces a lateral or postero-anterior skull radiograph from a fixed source-to-film distance and patient position. Introduced by Benjamin Broadbent in 1931, cephalometric analysis enables systematic measurement of skeletal and dental relationships to assess malocclusion, plan treatment, and monitor growth and treatment changes. The technique remains fundamental to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.	Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) analysis is a systematic clinical assessment and imaging evaluation of the jaw joint, including the articular disc, condyle, and associated musculature. TMJ analysis evaluates joint function, detects dysfunction (TMD), and guides diagnosis and treatment planning for jaw pain, clicking, locking, and limited opening. Comprehensive assessment integrates clinical examination with imaging (magnetic resonance imaging, cone-beam computed tomography) to characterize joint status and tailor treatment.