Bandingkan kaedah

	Teori Gerak Balas Item Ordinal	Model Respons Bertingkat (GRM)
Bidang	Psikometrik	Psikometrik
Keluarga	Latent structure	Latent structure
Tahun asal	1969	1969
Pengasas	Fumiko Samejima (Graded Response Model, 1969); Gerhard Fischer & Georg Rasch lineage for partial credit	Fumiko Samejima
Jenis	Probabilistic latent trait model for ordered polytomous responses	Item response theory / polytomous IRT model
Sumber perintis	Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of latent ability using a response pattern of graded scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, 34(4, Pt. 2), 1–97.	Samejima, F. (1969). Estimation of Latent Ability Using a Response Pattern of Graded Scores. Psychometrika Monograph Supplement, No. 17.
Alias	polytomous IRT, ordinal IRT models, graded response models, ordinal latent trait models	Samejima's GRM, Derecelendirilmiş Tepki Modeli (GRM), graded IRT model
Berkaitan	6	7
Ringkasan	Ordinal item response theory (ordinal IRT) comprises a family of probabilistic models — most notably the Graded Response Model and the Partial Credit Model — that relate a respondent's standing on a latent trait to the probability of choosing each ordered response category on a polytomous item. It extends classical IRT beyond dichotomous items to the Likert-type and rating-scale items that dominate psychometric measurement.	The Graded Response Model is an item response theory model developed by Fumiko Samejima in 1969 for ordered polytomous items such as Likert-type scales. It estimates both the discriminating power of each item and a set of threshold parameters marking the boundaries between adjacent response categories, while simultaneously placing persons on a continuous latent trait scale.