Bandingkan kaedah

	Kod Terbuka	Analisis Wacana	Grounded Theory	Analisis Naratif
Bidang	Kualitatif	Penyelidikan Kualitatif	Penyelidikan Kualitatif	Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1967 (Glaser & Strauss); refined 1990 (Strauss & Corbin)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967	1967 (foundational); 2008 (canonical handbook)
Pengasas	Barney G. Glaser & Anselm L. Strauss (classic grounded theory); elaborated by Anselm Strauss & Juliet Corbin	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss	Catherine Kohler Riessman (seminal synthesis, 2008); roots in Labov & Waletzky (1967)
Jenis	Qualitative research method	Method	Method	Qualitative interpretive method
Sumber perintis	Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0803959408	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.	Riessman, C.K. (2008). Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences. Sage.
Alias	initial coding, open categorisation, substantive coding	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	GT, Grounded Theory Approach	narrative inquiry, life history analysis, biographical research, Anlatı Analizi (Narrative Analysis)
Berkaitan	6	2	3	6
Ringkasan	Open coding is the first, exploratory phase of qualitative data analysis in which raw text — interviews, field notes, or documents — is broken into discrete segments and labelled with short descriptive codes. Developed within grounded theory by Glaser and Strauss and later elaborated by Strauss and Corbin, the procedure is deliberately open and inductive: the analyst reads line-by-line without imposing a predetermined framework, allowing concepts to emerge directly from the data. The resulting codes are then compared and grouped into provisional categories that become the building blocks for subsequent, more selective analysis.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.	Narrative analysis is a qualitative research method, synthesised canonically by Catherine Kohler Riessman (2008), that examines how individuals storise their lived experiences and construct meaning through the telling. Drawing on life history, biographical, and narrative inquiry traditions, it treats the story itself — not just its content — as the unit of analysis, attending to temporal sequence, plot structure, and the social context in which a narrative is produced.