Bandingkan kaedah

	Bilangan Spesimen yang Dikenal Pasti	Morfometrik Geometri
Bidang	Arkeologi	Arkeologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1971	1991
Pengasas	R. E. Chaplin	Fred Bookstein
Jenis	Faunal quantification method	Shape and form analysis
Sumber perintis	Chaplin, R. E. (1971). The Study of Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Seminar Press.	Bookstein, F. L. (1991). Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology. Cambridge University Press.
Alias	NISP method, specimen count	shape analysis, morphometric analysis
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Number of identified specimens (NISP) is a fundamental zooarchaeological method that quantifies the abundance of faunal remains by counting all identifiable bone fragments or specimens in an assemblage. Formalized by R. E. Chaplin and later refined by Donald Grayson and others, NISP is the most straightforward and widely used quantification metric in zooarchaeology. Despite its simplicity, NISP is sensitive to both cultural and taphonomic factors that affect preservation, fragmentation, and identification of bone assemblages.	Geometric morphometrics is a quantitative analytical method that captures, analyzes, and compares the shapes of biological structures (bones, teeth, pottery) using coordinate data from landmarks and outlines. Developed by Fred Bookstein in the 1990s, GMM provides a rigorous statistical framework for studying shape variation across populations or time periods. The method allows archaeologists to quantify morphological differences between individuals, populations, or artifact classes with precision impossible using traditional linear measurements.