Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Keperluan Kognisi	Skala Daya Tahan Connor-Davidson
Bidang	Psikologi Sosial	Psikologi Sosial
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1982	2003
Pengasas	John Cacioppo and Richard Petty	Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson
Jenis	Intellectual engagement and cognitive motivation measure	Psychological resilience and stress coping measure
Sumber perintis	Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116–131.	Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.
Alias	NCS, Cacioppo Need for Cognition, Intellectual Engagement Scale	CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Scale, Resilience Scale
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	The Need for Cognition Scale (NCS) is an 18-item measure assessing individual differences in the tendency to engage in and enjoy cognitive effort. Developed by John Cacioppo and Richard Petty in 1982, the NCS operationalizes need for cognition as a stable personality trait reflecting preference for thinking about complex problems, enthusiasm for intellectual pursuits, and intrinsic enjoyment of cognitive challenge. A brief 9-item version (NCS-9) is also available. The scale has become standard in psychology research examining motivation for learning, persuasion, decision-making, and academic achievement.	The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) is a 25-item self-report measure of psychological resilience—the capacity to cope with stress, adversity, and trauma while maintaining psychological functioning. Developed by Kathryn Connor and Jonathan Davidson in 2003, the CD-RISC operationalizes resilience as a multidimensional construct encompassing personal competence, trust in instincts, positive adaptation, and meaning-making. A brief 10-item version (CD-RISC-10) is also widely available. The scale has become standard in clinical research on trauma, anxiety, depression, and recovery from adversity.