Bandingkan kaedah

	Reka Bentuk Kaedah Campuran Berbilang Aras	Reka Bentuk Kaedah Campuran Berurutan Eksploratori
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan	Reka Bentuk Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	Late 1990s–2000s	1990s–2000s (codified by ~2007)
Pengasas	Bonnie Nastasi, John Hitchcock, and collaborators; systematized by Creswell & Plano Clark	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
Jenis	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
Sumber perintis	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1483357829	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379
Alias	multilevel MMR, nested mixed methods, hierarchical mixed methods design, cross-level mixed methods	QUAL → QUAN design, exploratory sequential design, instrument-development design, theory-building mixed methods
Berkaitan	5	6
Ringkasan	Multilevel mixed methods design is a research approach that collects and integrates both quantitative and qualitative data at two or more distinct levels of a social or organizational hierarchy — for example, individuals nested within classrooms, classrooms within schools, or patients within healthcare teams. By pairing quantitative measurement of outcomes at one level with qualitative exploration of meaning at another, researchers gain a richer, more complete picture than either strand alone could provide.	The exploratory sequential mixed methods design is a two-phase research framework in which a qualitative phase is conducted first to explore a poorly understood phenomenon, and the findings then inform a subsequent quantitative phase — typically to develop and test a survey instrument, measure a theory, or generalize qualitative insights to a larger population. The qualitative strand guides what is measured; the quantitative strand tests or extends those findings at scale.