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| Analisis Pokok Kegagalan Berbilang Respons× | Analisis Mod Kegagalan dan Kesannya (FMEA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1961 (FTA); multi-response extensions developed from the 1980s onward | 1949 (military); widespread industrial adoption 1970s–1980s |
| Pengasas≠ | H. A. Watson (Bell Labs); extended by W. E. Vesely and others for multi-output contexts | U.S. Military / NASA (formalized by MIL-P-1629, 1949) |
| Jenis≠ | Deductive reliability and risk analysis | Proactive risk analysis technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG-0492. link ↗ | Stamatis, D. H. (2003). Failure Mode and Effect Analysis: FMEA from Theory to Execution (2nd ed.). ASQ Quality Press. ISBN: 978-0873895989 |
| Alias | MR-FTA, multi-output fault tree analysis, multi-criterion fault tree analysis, multi-response FTA | FMEA, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis, FMECA, Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Multi-response fault tree analysis (MR-FTA) extends classical fault tree analysis to systems where multiple distinct top-level failure events or outcome metrics must be evaluated simultaneously. Rather than constructing a single tree for one top event, the analyst builds and quantifies parallel trees — one per response — then aggregates results to rank critical failure paths across all responses at once, enabling holistic system risk prioritization. | Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a structured, proactive risk management technique used to identify potential failure modes in a system, process, or product design, evaluate their consequences, and prioritize corrective actions before failures occur. Originally developed for the U.S. military in 1949 and later adopted by NASA, automotive, and manufacturing industries, FMEA is now a cornerstone quality-engineering tool embedded in standards such as AIAG-VDA and ISO 9001-aligned processes. |
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