Bandingkan kaedah

	Kaedah Kawalan Sintetik Pelbagai Tempoh	Kaedah Kawalan Sintetik Data Panel
Bidang	Inferens Kausal	Inferens Kausal
Keluarga	Regression model	Regression model
Tahun asal	2010-2021	2010
Pengasas	Abadie, Diamond & Hainmueller (2010); extended to multi-period settings by Abadie (2021) and Ben-Michael et al. (2021)	Alberto Abadie, Alexis Diamond & Jens Hainmueller
Jenis	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Causal inference / panel data
Sumber perintis	Abadie, A. (2021). Using synthetic controls: Feasibility, data requirements, and methodological aspects. Journal of Economic Literature, 59(2), 391-425.	Abadie, A., Diamond, A., & Hainmueller, J. (2010). Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California's Tobacco Control Program. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 105(490), 493-505.
Alias	multi-period SCM, extended synthetic control, synthetic control with multiple treatment periods, staggered synthetic control	SCM panel, panel synthetic control, synthetic control estimator, comparative case study
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	The multi-period synthetic control method extends the classic synthetic control framework to settings where treatment occurs across several distinct periods or where the researcher needs to track causal effects over a prolonged post-treatment window. It constructs a weighted combination of untreated units that reproduces the treated unit's pre-treatment trajectory, then uses that synthetic counterfactual across all post-treatment periods to estimate time-varying treatment effects.	The panel data synthetic control method estimates the causal effect of an intervention on a single treated unit by constructing a data-driven weighted combination of untreated units — a synthetic control — that best reproduces the treated unit's pre-treatment outcome trajectory. The post-treatment gap between the treated unit and its synthetic counterpart is the estimated treatment effect.