Bandingkan kaedah

	Reka bentuk kajian peristiwa pelbagai tempoh	Kajian Peristiwa Panel
Bidang	Inferens Kausal	Inferens Kausal
Keluarga	Regression model	Regression model
Tahun asal	1993	1990s–2020s (modern panel formulation)
Pengasas	Jacobson, LaLonde & Sullivan (1993); seminal methodological treatment by Sun & Abraham (2021)	Formalized by Freyaldenhoven, Hansen, Perez-Orive & Shapiro (2021); widely applied in finance (Fama et al. 1969) and policy evaluation
Jenis	Quasi-experimental causal inference	Quasi-experimental / causal panel design
Sumber perintis	Jacobson, L. S., LaLonde, R. J., & Sullivan, D. G. (1993). Earnings losses of displaced workers. American Economic Review, 83(4), 888-909.	Freyaldenhoven, S., Hansen, C., Perez-Orive, J., & Shapiro, J. M. (2021). Visualization, Identification, and Estimation in the Linear Panel Event-Study Design. NBER Working Paper 29170. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Alias	multi-period event study, dynamic event study, relative-time event study, leads-and-lags design	event-study regression, dynamic DiD, relative-time regression, distributed-lag panel model
Berkaitan	3	4
Ringkasan	The multi-period event study design estimates causal treatment effects at each point in time relative to the treatment onset, using panel data with multiple pre- and post-treatment periods. By plotting the full path of treatment coefficients rather than a single average, it reveals how effects build up, fade, or remain stable over time — and allows formal tests of pre-treatment parallel trends across many periods simultaneously.	A panel event study estimates the dynamic causal effect of a treatment or policy by regressing an outcome on a full set of relative-time indicators — one for each period before and after the event — while controlling for unit and time fixed effects. The resulting coefficient plot shows how the treated units diverged from untreated units at each point in calendar time relative to their treatment date, making both pre-treatment trend violations and post-treatment effect trajectories immediately visible.