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| Perbezaan-dalam-Perbezaan Pelbagai Tempoh (DiD Bertingkat)× | Model Kesan Tetap Data Panel× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Inferens Kausal | Ekonometrik |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2021 | 2014 |
| Pengasas≠ | Callaway & Sant'Anna; Goodman-Bacon | Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data |
| Jenis≠ | Causal inference / panel regression | Panel data regression |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230. DOI ↗ | Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | staggered DiD, multi-period DiD, staggered difference-in-differences, heterogeneous timing DiD | fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Multi-period Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD framework to settings where units adopt treatment at different points in time. Formalised by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) and Goodman-Bacon (2021), it decomposes the overall treatment effect into group-time average treatment effects and addresses the bias that arises when conventional two-way fixed-effects regressions are applied to staggered adoption designs. | The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014). |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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