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| Perbezaan-dalam-Perbezaan Pelbagai Tempoh (DiD Bertingkat)× | Perbezaan-dalam-Perbezaan Data Panel (Panel DiD / TWFE)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Inferens Kausal | Inferens Kausal |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2021 | 1985–2004 |
| Pengasas≠ | Callaway & Sant'Anna; Goodman-Bacon | Ashenfelter & Card (1985); codified by Angrist & Pischke (2009); serial correlation critique by Bertrand, Duflo & Mullainathan (2004) |
| Jenis | Causal inference / panel regression | Causal inference / panel regression |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Callaway, B., & Sant'Anna, P. H. C. (2021). Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. Journal of Econometrics, 225(2), 200-230. DOI ↗ | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 |
| Alias | staggered DiD, multi-period DiD, staggered difference-in-differences, heterogeneous timing DiD | Two-Way Fixed Effects DiD, TWFE, Panel DiD, Panel Diff-in-Diff |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Multi-period Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD framework to settings where units adopt treatment at different points in time. Formalised by Callaway and Sant'Anna (2021) and Goodman-Bacon (2021), it decomposes the overall treatment effect into group-time average treatment effects and addresses the bias that arises when conventional two-way fixed-effects regressions are applied to staggered adoption designs. | Panel Data Difference-in-Differences extends the classic two-period DiD design to settings with multiple units observed across many time periods. By absorbing unit-level fixed effects and time fixed effects simultaneously, it isolates the causal effect of a treatment or policy change while controlling for both time-invariant unit heterogeneity and common time shocks affecting all units. |
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