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| Teori Gerak Balas Item Pelbagai Kumpulan (MG-IRT)× | Analisis Faktor Konfirmatori Multi-Kumpulan (MG-CFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikometrik | Psikometrik |
| Keluarga | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1990s | 1971 |
| Pengasas≠ | Multiple contributors; formalized by Birnbaum (1968) for IRT; multi-group extensions developed through 1980s–1990s | Karl Jöreskog |
| Jenis≠ | Latent trait / measurement invariance | Measurement model / invariance test |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Embretson, S. E. & Reise, S. P. (2000). Item Response Theory for Psychologists. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805828191 | Vandenberg, R. J. & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3(1), 4–70. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | MG-IRT, multiple-group IRT, multi-group latent trait model, IRT across groups | MG-CFA, multi-group CFA, measurement invariance testing, multi-sample CFA |
| Berkaitan | 6 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Multi-group item response theory fits IRT models simultaneously across two or more defined groups — such as males and females, or different cultural samples — to determine whether item parameters are invariant across those groups. It is the primary IRT-based framework for testing measurement equivalence and detecting differential item functioning (DIF) at the model level. | Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis tests whether a measurement model holds equivalently across two or more groups — such as cultures, genders, or time points. By imposing increasingly stringent equality constraints and comparing model fit, it determines whether comparisons of latent mean scores are justified. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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