Bandingkan kaedah

	Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO)	Kod Angkasa-Masa Blok Alamouti
Bidang	Telekomunikasi	Telekomunikasi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1995	1998
Pengasas	Telatar, Foschini, and Gans	Siavash Alamouti
Jenis	spatial multiplexing technique	space-time coding scheme
Sumber perintis	Telatar, I. (1999). Capacity of multi-antenna Gaussian channels. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 10(6), 585-595.	Alamouti, S. M. (1998). A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(8), 1451-1458.
Alias	spatial multiplexing, antenna diversity	space-time coding, transmit diversity
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	MIMO is a technique that uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to significantly increase channel capacity and reliability. Pioneered theoretically by Telatar (1999) and Foschini & Gans (1998), MIMO exploits multipath propagation—typically a liability in wireless—as an asset by creating independent spatial channels. It is now fundamental to all modern wireless systems including LTE, WiFi-6, and 5G, where it provides both capacity gains through spatial multiplexing and robustness through diversity.	The Alamouti code is an elegant space-time coding scheme that provides full transmit diversity using two antennas and a simple linear receiver. Introduced by Siavash Alamouti in 1998, it requires no channel state information at the transmitter, achieves the same bit-error rate as a single-antenna system with receiver diversity, and uses linear processing for decoding. The Alamouti code has become the de facto standard for transmit diversity in cellular systems and is adopted in LTE, WiFi, and many 5G protocols.