Bandingkan kaedah

	Migration Transition Analysis	Migration Effectiveness Index
Bidang	Migration Studies	Migration Studies
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1971	2002
Pengasas	Wilbur Zelinsky	Martin Bell and colleagues
Jenis	Developmental staging framework linking modernization to mobility regimes	Descriptive index of migration efficiency and impact
Sumber perintis	Zelinsky, W. (1971). The Hypothesis of the Mobility Transition. Geographical Review, 61(2), 219-249.	Bell, M., Blake, M., Boyle, P., Duke-Williams, O., Rees, P., Stillwell, J., & Hugo, G. (2002). Cross-national comparison of internal migration: issues and measures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A, 165(3), 435-464.
Alias	Mobility Transition Analysis, Zelinsky Hypothesis Staging, Mobility Transition Hypothesis, Migration Phase Analysis	Migration Efficiency Index, Aggregate Net Migration Rate, ANMR, MEI
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Migration transition analysis applies Wilbur Zelinsky's 1971 hypothesis of the mobility transition, which holds that there are definite, patterned regularities in the growth of personal mobility through space and time and that these regularities are a basic component of the modernization process. Just as the demographic transition links falling birth and death rates to development, Zelinsky argued that societies pass through ordered phases — from a premodern traditional society with little movement, through early and late transitional phases marked by massive rural-to-urban and frontier and emigration flows, to advanced and superadvanced societies dominated by inter-urban and circular movement rather than permanent relocation. Each phase carries a characteristic mix of mobility types, so a society's stage can be read from the balance of rural-urban, frontier, international, and circular movement it exhibits. Massey and colleagues' 1993 review placed Zelinsky's framework among the macro-level accounts that connect migration to the structural transformation of economies. The analysis stages countries by their mobility profile and traces how that profile shifts as development proceeds, including the well-known migration hump in which emigration first rises and then falls with income. It supplies a developmental scaffolding for comparative migration research.	The migration effectiveness index measures how efficiently the gross churning of people between regions actually redistributes population, by expressing net migration as a share of total migration turnover. Two regions can each exchange enormous numbers of migrants and yet end up with almost unchanged populations, because the inflows and outflows nearly cancel; the same net change could instead arise from a small, lopsided, highly directed flow. The effectiveness index distinguishes these cases: it runs from near zero, where gross flows are balanced and population is barely redistributed, toward one hundred, where migration is so one-directional that almost every move contributes to net change. Martin Bell and colleagues codified this measure in their influential 2002 framework for cross-national comparison of internal migration, alongside companion indices of overall migration intensity and the aggregate net migration rate, which combines intensity and effectiveness into a single summary of how much migration reshapes the settlement pattern. Together these indices form a standard toolkit for describing and comparing migration systems across countries and over time.